Yiziphi izinhlobo nezindlela zokucubungula ze-commutator ye-DC motor?

I-commutator iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-dc motor kanye ne-AC commutator armature. I-commutator isebenzisa amandla endaweni efanele ku-rotor futhi ikhiqiza amandla ajikelezayo azinzile (i-torque) ngokuhlehlisa isiqondiso samanje kukhoyili ye-armature ehambayo ye-motor. Enjinini, idivayisi eguqula isignali yegagasi yesikwele esikalwa i-electrode yokulinganisa ibe isaka eliqondile eliphehlayo ngokuhlehlisa isiqondiso samanje kumajikozo ajikelezayo njalo ngesigamu ngokufaka umshini wamanje wokuhamba emaphethelweni.

I-commutator iyilungiselelo le-insulation kanye nemicu yethusi exhunywe kukhoyili yenjini ukuze inikeze amandla abuyela emuva kukhoyili yenjini. Ukushintshashintsha ukuhlehla kwesiqondisindlela samanje. Ngokusho kwe-commutator yezitayela ezahlukene kanye nomklamo wokukhiya wangaphakathi ohlukahlukene uhlukaniswe waba yi-commutator ebalulekile kanye ne-air commutator, i-commutator ebalulekile ye-cylindrical, i-copper strip parallel to the hole, ibonakala ngesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ama-Integral commutators atholakala ngezitayela ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ithusi ne-mica, isikhunta sikamama wamafu kanye nezindlu ezibunjiwe. I-planer commutator ibukeka njengefeni elinomcu wethusi onengxenye yabalandeli eqonde ngqo kwimbobo.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zabagibeli ababunjiwe

Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-plastic hole yangaphakathi kanye ne-shaft ejikelezayo, isakhiwo silula, kodwa ubukhulu bembobo yangaphakathi yepulasitiki akulula ukuyiqonda, kufanele ilawule ngokuqinile ubukhulu bengcindezi yokufa kanye nesilinganiso se-plastic shrinkage, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubekezelelana. of the shaft hole, kufanele sizame ukugwema ingcindezi enhle ekucutshungulweni kwepulasitiki, ukusebenza kwe-plastic machining ngokuvamile kumpofu.

Umkhono wethusi ucindezelwa kanye nepulasitiki, futhi ubukhulu bomgodi we-shaft kulula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza phakathi kwepulasitiki kanye nomkhono, indawo yangaphandle eyindilinga yomkhono ivame ukugoba noma i-knurled. Impahla yomkhono ingaba ithusi, insimbi noma i-aluminium alloy. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele bufane nobulukhuni be-rotor shaft, buphansi kancane kunobulukhuni be-rotor shaft.

Indandatho yokuqinisa yengezwa emseleni omise okwe-u wesiqephu somhambisi. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthwala amandla we-centrifugal wenkundla kagesi lapho ububanzi bomshini wokuthutha buhlukaniswa futhi ukuphakama kuyanda. I-insulation phakathi kweringi kanye nocezu lwe-commutator kumele kuqinisekiswe. Ngezindandatho eziqinisayo, ububanzi be-commutator bungenziwa bufike ku-500.

Umhambisi wendiza

Eqinisweni, futhi i-commutator ebunjiwe, futhi indawo yethusi ethintana nebhulashi iyindiza yendandatho, empeleni, ebizwa ngokuthi i-commutator yendiza, lo mshini unesakhiwo esikhethekile, useshidini lethusi kanye nongqimba lwe-graphite, indima yayo iwukuba esikhundleni sokungqubuzana kwe-commutator kanye ne-carbon brush, andise impilo yomshayeli.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokucutshungulwa komhambisi

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile komhambisi, usayizi we-commutator mncane, ngokuvamile faka ingxenye engezansi yeshidi lethusi elihambayo emzimbeni wokuthutha, bese usebenzisa indandatho yethusi ukucindezela ishidi lethusi endaweni eyindilinga yangaphandle yomshayeli, ngoba usayizi wejometri wengxenye mncane kakhulu, ukucubungula ngomshini kunzima, ukunemba kwe-commutator ngokuvamile kuphansi.

Ipuleti lethusi le-commutator linehhuku phezulu futhi izimpande ezimbili eziqondile ze-convex zifakwa emzimbeni wokuthutha ngokulandelana, ukuze ipuleti lethusi linamathele eduze kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle yomshayeli, bese ipuleti lethusi lihlanganiswa amabhande amabili aphansi ahlanekezelwe. Lo mthamo wokuphakelayo oguqukayo mkhulu kakhulu ukuthi ungakhiqiza ishidi lethusi elindizayo elinesici, ngokushintshana kufanele ulawule inani lokuphakelayo ebangeni elithile. Uma kunesidingo, izinqubo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ze-lathe zingasetshenziswa ukuthola imiphumela oyifunayo.

I-Mechanical connection commutator, lena i-commutator ehlukanisiwe, ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezinhlanu, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "eziyisihlanu kokukodwa", phezulu kwepuleti lethusi linebhande lendandatho eboshiwe, ibhande emzimbeni womshayeli we-convex, ingxenye engezansi guqula ibhande emzimbeni wosekelo lwabahambi, kukhona umzimba wokuxhumana oxhumayo kanye nomzimba osekelayo. Ngemva kokuxebula intambo yesikhumba kapende, ucezu lwethusi lwe-commutator luxhunywa ngocingo lwesikhumba lukapende. Lesi sihambisi sizophinda sikhiqize izingcezu zethusi endizayo ezinesici uma inani elisikiwe likhulu kakhulu uma ujika.

isiphetho

Ipuleti lokuhamba lixhunywe kumakhoyili we-armature. Inani lamakhoyili lincike esivinini kanye ne-voltage yemoto. Ibhulashi lethusi lifaneleka kangcono i-voltage ephansi kakhulu kanye namandla aphezulu, kuyilapho ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-carbon brush kubangela ukwehla okukhulu kwe-voltage. Ukuhamba okuphezulu kweCopper kusho ukuthi izingxenye zingenziwa zibe zincane futhi zigcinwe ziseduze. Ukusebenzisa i-cast cast copper commutator kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo, i-current izogeleza kalula ngethusi, futhi injini ngokuvamile isebenza kahle ngamaphesenti angu-85 kuya kwangu-95 ekudluliseleni amandla emthwalweni wayo. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-elekthronikhi kusebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliqinile esikhundleni sama-commutators ayimishini namabhulashi ahambisanayo, futhi ukususwa kwamabhulashi kusho ukungqubuzana okuncane noma ukuguga kusistimu nokusebenza kahle okwengeziwe. Lezi zinhlobo zamamotho zivame ukubiza kakhulu futhi zibe yinkimbinkimbi kunezinhlelo zamabhulashi ezilula ngenxa yesidingo sezilawuli nezinto zikagesi.