Izinto kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamabhulashi Ekhabhoni

Izinto kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamabhulashi Ekhabhoni

Amabhulashi ekhabhoninoma amabhulashi kagesi kukhona esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi. Zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali noma amandla phakathi kwengxenye engashintshi kanye nengxenye ejikelezayo yamanye amamotho noma amajeneretha. Umumo ungonxande, futhi izintambo zensimbi zifakwe ku- intwasahlobo. Amabhulashi ekhabhoni awuhlobo lokuxhumana olushelelayo, ngakho-ke kulula ukugqoka futhi idinga ukushintshwa njalo kanye namadiphozithi ekhabhoni asegugile kumele ihlanzwe.

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-carbon brush yi ikhabhoni. Lapho isebenza, icindezelwa isiphethu ukuze isebenze engxenyeni ejikelezayo njengebhulashi, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi ibhulashi le-carbon. Impahla eyinhloko i-graphite.

I-graphite iyinto yemvelo, eyinhloko yayo ingxenye ikhabhoni, umbala omnyama, opaque, i-semi-metallic luster, iphansi ubulukhuni, bungakhethwa ngezinzipho, igraphite nedayimane kokubili kuyikhabhoni, kodwa izakhiwo zabo zihluke kakhulu , okubangelwa ukuhlukahluka ukuhlelwa kwama-athomu e-carbon. Nakuba ukwakheka kwe-graphite kuyi-carbon, yona iyinto ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-3652°C. Ukusebenzisa lesi sakhiwo sokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-graphite ingacutshungulwa ibe yi-a izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukumelana namakhemikhali crucible.

I-conductivity kagesi ye-graphite kuhle kakhulu, kudlula izinsimbi eziningi kanye nezikhathi ezingamakhulu kunezingezona izinsimbi, ngakho ikhiqizwa ibe izingxenye conductive ezifana electrode kanye carbon brushes; isakhiwo sangaphakathi graphite inquma lubricity yayo enhle, futhi thina ngokuvamile sebenzisa eminyango egqwalile Ukufaka uthuli lwepensela noma i-graphite kukhiye kuzokwenza kulula ukuvula umnyango. Lokhu kufanele kube umphumela wokugcoba we-graphite.

Amabhulashi ekhabhoningokuvamile asetshenziswa ku-DC izinto zikagesi. Izinjini ezixutshiwe zenziwe nge-stator kanye ne-rotor. Ku i-DC motor, ukuze wenze i-rotor ijikeleze, isiqondiso samanje idinga ukushintshwa njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-rotor ingakwazi ukuzungeza ingxenye ye-a kuphela isiyingi. Amabhulashi ekhabhoni adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-DC motors. Amabhulashi ekhabhoni hambisa okwamanje phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo ze-motor. Lokhu conduction kuwukushelela ukuqhutshwa okungadlulisa okwamanje kusuka ekugcineni okugxilile kuya engxenyeni ejikelezayo ye i-generator noma i-motor. Uhlaka lwekhabhoni lwakhiwe ngamabhulashi ekhabhoni amaningana, ngakho-ke le ndlela yokuqhuba yenza futhi amabhulashi ekhabhoni abe lula ukuwagqoka, futhi amabhulashi e-carbon nawo ashintsha isiqondiso samanje, okungukuthi, indima ye ukuhamba.

I-motor ebhulashiwe isebenzisa umshini ukushintshashintsha, isigxobo kazibuthe sangaphandle asinyakazi futhi ikhoyili yangaphakathi iyanyakaza. Lapho injini isebenza, i-commutator kanye nekhoyili bayazungeza ndawonye, ​​futhi i- ibhulashi le-carbon nensimbi kazibuthe azinyakazi, ngakho-ke i-commutator ne- I-carbon brush ikhiqiza ukungqubuzana ukuze kuqedelwe ukushintsha kwamandla isiqondiso.

Njengoba injini ijikeleza, amakhoyili ahlukene noma izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene zekhoyili efanayo zinikwa amandla, ukuze izigxobo ezimbili ze insimu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa ikhoyili ine-engeli enezigxobo ezimbili ezivaliwe ku-stator kazibuthe unomphela, futhi amandla akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i- ukunyanyiswa kwesigxobo esifanayo kanye nokukhanga kwesigxobo esiphambene ukushayela motor ukuzungeza.

Amabhulashi ekhabhonizisetshenziswa futhi ku-AC imishini. Umumo kanye nempahla yamabhulashi e-AC motor carbon kanye ne-DC motor amabhulashi e-carbon ayafana. Kumamotho e-AC, amabhulashi ekhabhoni asetshenziswa uma amanye ama-rotor asongayo adinga isivinini esiguquguqukayo, njengama-drill kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu nemishini yokupholisha, futhi kudingeka bashintshe amabhulashi ekhabhoni njalo.