Iyini imisebenzi yamabhulashi ekhabhoni?

Ibhulashi lekhabhoni (Ibhulashi le-Carbon) libuye libizwe ngokuthi ibhulashi likagesi, njengohlobo lokuthintana oshelelayo, lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni eziningi zikagesi. Ibhulashi lekhabhoni libukeka lifana nomugqa werabha wepensela, onezintambo eziphuma phezulu, futhi ubukhulu buhlukile. Ibhulashi lekhabhoni liyingxenye yenjini ebhulashiwe engaphezulu kwesihambisi. Lapho i-motor ijikeleza, amandla kagesi adluliselwa kukhoyili ye-rotor ngokusebenzisa i-commutator.

Ibhulashi lekhabhoni iyithuluzi lokudlulisa amandla noma amasiginali phakathi kwengxenye engaguquki kanye nengxenye ejikelezayo yenjini noma ijeneretha noma eminye imishini ezungezayo. Izinto eziyinhloko ziyi-graphite, i-graphite efakwe amafutha, nensimbi (ithusi, isiliva) i-graphite. Ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-carbon ehlanzekile kanye ne-coagulant, futhi ukubonakala kwayo ngokuvamile kuyisikwele. Inamathele kubakaki bensimbi, futhi kunesiphethu ngaphakathi sokuyicindezela ngokuqinile ku-shaft ejikelezayo. Lapho injini ijikeleza, amandla kagesi adluliselwa kukhoyili nge-commutator. Njengoba ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-carbon, ibizwa ngokuthi i-carbon brush, okulula ukuyigqoka. Kufanele igcinwe njalo futhi ishintshwe, futhi i-carbon deposits kufanele ihlanzwe.

Umsebenzi we-carbon brush ngokuyinhloko ukuqhuba ugesi ngenkathi uhlikihla ngensimbi; akufani nokungqubuzana kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi; lapho i-metal-to-metal friction i-conductive; amandla okungqubuzana angakhula; ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo lapho ukunikezwa kungase kuhlanganiswe ndawonye; futhi Carbon brushes ngeke; ngoba ikhabhoni nensimbi yizici ezimbili ezihlukene; ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuningi kusetshenziselwa izinjini; kukhona izimo ezihlukahlukene; kukhona isikwele nesiyingi, njalo njalo.

Indima ethile:
1. Ukuze unikeze amandla ku-rotor, i-current yangaphandle (i-excitation current) yengezwa ku-rotor ejikelezayo (i-input current) nge-carbon brush.
2. Yethula ukushaja okumile ku-shaft enkulu phansi (ibhulashi lekhabhoni eligxiliwe) ngebhulashi lekhabhoni (okukhiphayo okwamanje).
3. Hola i-shaft enkulu (umhlabathi) kudivayisi yokuvikela yokuvikela umhlabathi we-rotor futhi ulinganise i-voltage eqondile nengalungile ye-rotor phansi.
4. Shintsha isiqondiso se-current (ku-motor commutator, ibhulashi liphinde lidlale indima yokushintsha).

Amabhulashi ekhabhoni alungele zonke izinhlobo zamamotho, amajeneretha, nemishini ye-axle. Inokusebenza okuhle kokuhlehla nempilo ende yesevisi. Ibhulashi lekhabhoni lisetshenziswa ku-commutator noma indandatho eshelelayo yenjini. Njengomzimba othintana naye oslayidayo oholayo futhi ongenisa okwamanje, unokusebenza kahle kukagesi, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kanye nokusebenza kokugcoba, futhi unamandla athile omshini kanye nomzwelo wezinhlansi zokushintsha. Cishe zonke izinjini zisebenzisa amabhulashi ekhabhoni, ayingxenye ebalulekile yenjini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumajeneretha ahlukahlukene e-AC kanye ne-DC, ama-motor synchronous, amabhethri e-DC motors, izindandatho zokuqoqa izimoto ze-crane, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokushisela nokunye. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo zezinjini kanye nezimo zokusebenza zokusetshenziswa ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka.